Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called Azole medications. It works by inhibiting enzyme activity and processes involved in the cell membrane function of the fungi, effectively depleting the fungal cells until they are destroyed. Approved by the FDA in 1981, Ketoconazole is available in a variety of formulations such as topical cream 2%; shampoo 1% and 2%; 200mg tablets; and oral suspension 100mg/5mL. Some of the side effects noted with Ketoconazole include localized cutaneous effects such as itching, stinging, irritation or contact dermatitis; and hypersensitivity reactions including exfoliative dermatitis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Ketoconazole is an FDA pregnancy category C medication, which means it has shown teratogenicity and embryonic toxicity in animal studies, when given very high oral doses. Use of Ketoconazole is not recommended during pregnancy or lactation.